The “two-part” electricity price policy for coal and electricity is about to be implemented.
Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration jointly issued the “Notice on Establishing a Coal Power Capacity Pricing Mechanism” (hereinafter referred to as the “Notice”), deciding to establish a coal power capacity pricing mechanism from January 1, 2024. Capacity electricity price mechanism. This means that China will usher in a “two-part” electricity price policy of coal power capacity price and electricity price.
What is the capacity price mechanism? What impact will it have on power users?
Why establish a “two-part system” electricity price?
——Stabilize the expectations of the coal power industry and ensure the safe operation of the power system
When talking about the coal power price mechanism, we can start from the current domestic Let’s start with the single electricity price.
Electricity is a commodity that is ready for use. When power generation companies generate electricity and sell it to users, they can obtain correspondingNZ Escorts Generation income. This kind of electricity price, which is formed through a market-based approach and can sensitively reflect changes in supply and demand in the electricity market, changes in fuel costs, etc., is usually called “electricity price.”
“The operating costs of coal power include fixed costs such as depreciation, labor costs, repair costs, and financial costs, as well as variable costs such as coal combustion. At present, my country implements a single electricity price for coal power, that is, coal power only generates electricity. Only in this way can the cost be recovered. Countries with mature electricity markets usually implement a two-part electricity price system, that is, the capacity electricity price mainly recovers the fixed cost of the unit and the electricity price of the unit. It mainly recovers variable costs.” The relevant person in charge of the Price Department of the National Development Sugar Daddy Reform Commission introduced.
With the orderly advancement of China’s energy green and low-carbon transformation, the functional positioning of coal power has undergone certain changes. Currently Sugar Daddy, the domestic installed capacity of renewable energy has historically surpassed coal power, but the volatility and instability of renewable energy power generation are prominent. Zelanian sugar When the output of renewable energy sources such as “wind and solar” is unstable, coal power units are also needed to provide back-up protection.
“Coal power has gradually shifted from electric power to basic security and system-regulated power, and the number of utilization hours has dropped significantly. According to statistics, the annual power generation hours of coal power units have dropped from more than 5,000 hours in 2015 By last yearSugar Daddy‘s 4300 hours, its power generation hours will be further reduced in the future Newzealand Sugar , it is no longer possible to recover its fixed costs through a single electricity price.” Yang Kun, Executive Vice Chairman of the China Electricity Council, introduced NZ Escorts, subject to Affected by multiple factors, coal and power companies have suffered widespread losses in recent years. Zelanian Escort According to statistics, major domestic power generation groups will lose 120.3 billion yuan in 2021. As far as I know, his mother has been raising him alone for a long time . In order to make money, the mother and son wandered and lived in many places. Until five years ago, my mother suddenly fell ill, and the loss reached 80.1%. Although there has been improvement in the past two years, in the first half of this year It still lost more than 10 billion yuan, with the loss rate reaching 50.6%. 41.1% of the power plants had a debt ratio of over 75%, seriously affecting the coal industry. The sustainable development of power enterprises and the safe and stable supply of power.
On the one hand, new energy is developing rapidly, and coal power units still need to play a supporting role; on the other hand, the current electricity price can no longer cover the operating costs of coal power, and it is urgent to establish a corresponding price mechanism to ensure the stable operation of the power system. . Therefore, it is just the right time to establish a two-part electricity price system, capacity price and power price.
“Coal power is my country’s most important and low-cost supporting and regulating power source. It promotes coal power to accelerate its transformation to provide capacity support and electricity, making room for new energy power generation during normal hours and continuing to operate during peak hours. Peak’s contribution is of great significance in promoting Zelanian Escort further accelerating the development of new energy.” The above-mentioned person in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission said, “Establishing coal power capacity The electricity price mechanism, partial or refutation through capacity price recovery. All fixed costs, thus stabilizing expectations of the coal power industry, is the guarantee for the power systemNewzealand Sugar It is an inevitable requirement to operate safely, provide strong support for carrying larger-scale new energy and better promote the green and low-carbon energy transformation.”
How to calculate the price of coal power capacity?
——Determined by recovering a certain proportion of fixed costs of coal power units
According to the latest data released by the National Energy Administration, as of 10 At the end of the month Sugar Daddy, the country’s installed thermal power capacity was approximately 1.37 billion kilowatts. So, can all coal-fired power units enjoy the coal power capacity price? Energy development varies across regions. How is the specific electricity price calculated? Sugar Daddy
“The coal power capacity price mechanism is applicable to public coal power units operating in compliance with regulations. Coal-fired Self-owned power plants, coal power units that do not comply with national planning, and coal power units that do not meet national requirements for energy consumption, environmental protection, and flexible adjustment capabilities will not implement the capacity price mechanism.” said the relevant person in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission.
From the perspective of specific electricity price levels, the “Notice” clarifies that the price of coal power capacity is determined based on the recovery of a certain proportion of the fixed costs of coal power units. Among them, the fixed cost of coal power units used to calculate capacity electricity prices by Sugar Daddy follows a national unified standard, which is 330 yuan per kilowatt per year; through capacity The fixed cost ratio of electricity price recovery is determined by comprehensively considering the needs of local power systems, the transformation of coal and electricity functions and other factors. From 2024 to 2025, it will be about 30% in most places. Some places with rapid transformation of coal and electricity functions will be appropriately higher, 50%. about. Starting from 2026, the proportion of fixed costs recovered through capacity electricity prices in various regions will be increased to no less than 50%.
“The fixed costs of coal power units used to calculate capacity Zelanian Escort electricity prices are subject to national unified standards, which are set for each year 330 yuan per kilowatt. This arrangement is because on the one hand, the regional differences in the fixed costs of coal power units are generally small, and the differences between different types of units are also limited. It has the basis for the implementation of unified standards across the country and is highly operable; on the other hand, it is also It fully reflects the price cap control measures, especially the fixed cost of one million kilowatt-class advanced coal power units is slightly lower than the national unified standard, the unit coal consumption is lower, and the power generation efficiency The maid’s voice brought her back to reality, she looked up Zelanian Escort Looking at myself in the mirror, I saw that although the person in the mirror was pale and sick, he still couldn’t conceal his youthful and beautiful face. High, able to stimulateEncourage market entities to independently optimize the expansion technology planSugar Daddy to reduce the construction and operation costs of coal power units. “Zeng Ming, director of the Energy Internet Research Center of North China Electric Power University, said.
Looking at specific regions, the reporter consulted “Provincial Grid Coal Capacitors Sugar Daddy’s Electricity Price Table (2024~2025)” found that from 2024 to 2025, the capacity electricity price implemented in seven provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), Henan, Hunan, Chongqing, Sichuan, Qinghai, Yunnan, and Guangxi, is per kilowatt per year. 165 yuan, except NZ Escorts, the price of coal power capacity in various places during this period is per thousand per yearNZ EscortsWatt 100 yuan. “The energy transformation in these seven places is rapid, and there is a prominent need for coal-fired power generation units to have bottom-line protection. Most other regions will start with a ratio of 30% and establish a capacity price mechanism first, which will help fully release policy signals, give relevant coal power entities a ‘reassurance’, stabilize the development expectations of the coal power industry, and gradually move towards 50% during the implementation process. Proportional transition and connection can better “exchange time for space” and ensure the effect of policy implementation. Zeng Ming said.
In addition to stipulating the specific proportion of capacity electricity prices, the “Notice” also clarified the corresponding punishment mechanism: Under normal operating conditions, if a coal power unit cannot provide the declared maximum output in accordance with the dispatching instructions, the monthly If two occurrences occur within the same period, 10% of the monthly capacity electricity fee will be deducted, if three occurrences occur, 50% will be deducted, and if four occurrences or more occur, 100% will be deducted. In other words, how much capacity electricity price income a coal power unit has depends on whether it maintains quality and quantity. Having completed the task of ensuring power supply, this mechanism will help it play an important role in the safe and stable operation of the power system.
Who will pay the price of coal power capacity?
——Industrial and commercial users are allocated according to the proportion of electricity consumption in the current month, and residential and agricultural users are not involved. Civilian and agricultural usersZelanian sugar
After the introduction of the two-part electricity price, coal power will usher in a new income. In this regard, many power users have questions: Does this mean that we need to bear Is the electricity bill higher?
According to reports, the capacity electricity fee available to coal power units is determined based on the local coal power capacity price and the maximum output declared by the unit. The coal power unit declares monthly, and the power grid enterprise settles monthly .Coal power capacity electricity charges in various placesIt is included in the system operating costs, which are allocated monthly by industrial and commercial users according to the proportion of electricity consumption in that month, and are released and settled on a rolling basis by the power grid enterprises on a monthly basis. In addition, for inter-provincial and cross-regional coal-fired power units that are included in the power balance of the receiving province, the sending and receiving parties should sign an annual and The above medium and long-term contracts clearly specify the coal power capacity fee sharing ratio and performance responsibilities.
From the perspective of residents and other electricity users, “I know, mom will take a good look at it.” She opened her mouth to answer, and saw her son suddenly grinned. The relevant person in charge of the Commission stated that this policy does not involve residential and agricultural users, and these users are still subject to the current catalog sales price policy.
“Establishing a coal power capacity price mechanism will stabilize the expectations of the coal power industry, ensure the safe operation of the power system, and promote the accelerated development of new energy. In the long term, it is all positive.” Zelanian sugar The person in charge said, “In the short term, the impact on end users’ electricity costs will be The overall impact is small. Since the establishment of the coal power capacity price mechanism is mainly to adjust the electricity price structure, the overall price level of coal power is basically stable. In particular, the slight decline in electricity prices will drive other power sources such as hydropower, nuclear power, and new energy to participate in market transactions. The price of some electricity will fall accordingly, and the overall cost of electricity for industrial and commercial users is expected to be stable and slightly reduced.”
In the long term, the establishment of a coal power capacity price mechanism will realize the value of coal power, the main power source, for the first time. The distinction between capacity and capacity value can effectively promote the construction of a multi-level power market system, guide coal power, new energy and other market participants to fully demonstrate their strengths, do their best, fully compete, comprehensively optimize the allocation of power resources, and improve the overall power system. Economy, thereby playing a positive role in reducing end-user electricity costs.
“Improve the coal power capacity price formation mechanism, and further split the coal power benchmark price into electricity The two parts Zelanian sugar are divided into electricity price and capacity price, which help to clarify the obligations and rights that different power sources should bear in the power system. and reasonable benefits that should be obtained, which will effectively promote the construction of the power market and help promote the formation of a new power system price mechanism.” Yang Kun said. (Reporter Liao Ruiling)